Vermes in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

Main article: 10th edition of Systema Naturae

In 1758, in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, the Swedish scientist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus described the class "Vermes" as:[1]

Animals of slow motion, soft substance, able to increase their bulk and restore parts which have been destroyed, extremely tenatious of life, and the inhabitants of moist places. Many of them are without a distinct head, and most of them without feet. They are principally distinguished by their tentacles (or feelers). By the Ancients they were not improperly called imperfect animals, as being destitute of ears, nose, head, eyes and legs; and are therefore totally distinct from Insects.

Linnaean Characteristics [2]

The class Vermes, as Linnaeus conceived it, was a rather diverse and mismatched grouping of animals; basically it served as a wastebasket taxon for any invertebrate species that was not an arthropod. With the advent of the scientific understanding of evolution, it became clear that many of the animals in these groups were not in fact closely related, and so the class Vermes was dropped for several (at least 30) phyla.

Contents

Intestina

Gordius (horsehair worms)
Furia
Lumbricus (earthworms)
Ascaris (giant intestinal roundworms)
Fasciola (liver flukes)
Hirudo (leeches)
Myxine (hagfishes)
Teredo (shipworms)

Mollusca

Limax (terrestrial slugs)
Doris (dorid nudibranchs)
Tethys (tethydid sea slugs)
Nereis (polychaete worms)
Aphrodita (sea mice)
Lernaea (anchor worms)
Priapus (priapulid worms & anemones)
Scyllaea (scyllaeid sea slugs)
Holothuria (salps & Man o' Wars)
Triton (triton snails)
Sepia (octopuses, squid, & cuttlefish)
Medusa (jellyfish)
Asterias (starfish) [14]
Echinus (sea urchins & sand dollars)

Testacea

Chiton (chitons)
Lepas (barnacles)
Pholas (piddocks & angelwings)
Myes (soft-shell clams)
Solen (razor clams)
Tellina (tellins)
Cardium (cockles)
Donax (wedge shells)
Venus (Venus clams)
Spondylus (thorny oysters)
Chama (jewel box shells)
Arca (ark clams)
Ostrea (true oysters)
Anomia (saddle oysters)
Mytilus – (Mussels including marine and freshwater mussels)
Pinna (pen shells)
Argonauta (paper nautiluses)
Nautilus (Nautiluses)
Conus (Cone Snails)
Cypraea (Cowries)
Bulla (bubble shells)
Voluta (volutes)
Buccinum (true whelks)
Strombus (true conchs)
Murex (Murex Snails)
Trochus (top snails)
Turbo (turban snails)
Helix (land snails)
Neritha (nerites)
Haliotis (abalones)
Patella (true limpets & brachiopods)
Dentalium (tusk shells)
Serpula (serpulid worms)

Lithophyta

Tubipora (organ pipe corals)
Millepora (Fire corals)
Madrepora (stone corals)

Zoophyta

Isis (soft corals)
Gorgonia (sea fans)
Alcyonium (tunicates)
Tubularia (Tubularia)
Eschara (Bryozoa)
Corallina (coralline algae)
Sertularia (Bryozoa)
Hydra
Pennatula (sea pens)
Taenia (tapeworms)
Volvox

References

  1. ^ Carl von Linné, translated by William Turton (1806). Volume 4: Worms. A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co. http://books.google.com/books?id=GQcuAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover. 
  2. ^ Carl von Linné, translated by William Turton (1806). Volume 1. A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co. http://books.google.com/books?id=I3QZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover. 
  3. ^ Gordius aquaticus at the Encyclopedia of Life
  4. ^ F. E. G. Cox (2002). "History of Human Parasitology". Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15 (4): 595–612. doi:10.1128/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002. PMC 126866. PMID 12364371. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=126866. 
  5. ^ Arthur de Capell Brooke (1827). "On the Furia infernalis". Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 3: 39–43. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9wwXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA39. 
  6. ^ "Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus 1758)". Fauna Europaea. http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=196010. Retrieved January 11, 2011. 
  7. ^ Martin Lindsey Christoffersen (2009). "A catalogue of Helobdella (Annelida, Clitellata, Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae), with a summary of leech diversity, from South America" (PDF). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 4 (2): 89–98. doi:10.4013/nbc.2009.42.04. http://www.unisinos.br/publicacoes_cientificas/images/stories/pdfs_neotropical/v4n2/christoffersen.pdf. 
  8. ^ a b [1]
  9. ^ WoRMS (2010). "Pontobdella muricata (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=116986. Retrieved January 11, 2011. 
  10. ^ a b c G. Boxshall (2010). "Lernaea Linnaeus, 1758". In T. C. Walter & G. Boxshall. World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=149776. Retrieved October 4, 2010. 
  11. ^ P. Bouchet (2010). "Sepia octopodia Linnaeus, 1758". World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=534753. Retrieved January 11, 2011. 
  12. ^ http://biostor.org/reference/2731.text
  13. ^ http://data.gbif.org/species/13870254
  14. ^ C. Mah & H. Hansson (2010). "Asterias Linnaeus, 1758". In C. L. Mah. World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123219. Retrieved January 11, 2011. 
  15. ^ Carl August Nilsson-Cantell (1978). Cirripedia Thoracica and Acrothoracica. Issue 5 of Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia. Universitetsforlag. p. 57. ISBN 9788200016700. 
  16. ^ Dora P. Henry & Patsy A. McLaughlin (1986). "The Recent species of Megabalanus (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) with special emphasis on Balanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) sensu lato." (PDF). Zoologische Verhandelingen 235: 1–69, figs. 1–14. http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149030. 
  17. ^ Michael G. Frick & Arnold Ross (2001). "Will the real Chelonibia testudinaria please come forward: an appeal". Marine Turtle Newsletter 94: 16–17. http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn94/mtn94p16.shtml. 
  18. ^ T. Y. Leung & D. S. Jones (2000). "Barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracia) from epibenthis substrata in the shallow offshore waters of Hong Kong". In Brian Morton. The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China V. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 105–127. ISBN 9789622095250. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ygVenHLSzKkC&pg=PA119. 
  19. ^ WoRMS (2010). "Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758". World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106149. Retrieved August 30, 2010. 
  20. ^ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2008). "Volvox globator". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=27955. 
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